Isixhobo siqokelela ulwazi malunga nobushushu obuvela kumthombo size siluguqulele kwifomu enokuqondwa zezinye izixhobo okanye abantu. Owona mzekelo ubalaseleyo wenzwa yobushushu yi-thermometer yeglasi ye-mercury, eyandisa kwaye inkontileka njengoko ubushushu buguquka. Iqondo lokushisa langaphandle ngumthombo wokulinganisa ubushushu, kwaye umbonisi ujonga indawo ye-mercury ukulinganisa ubushushu. Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko zoluvo lobushushu:
· Uluvo loqhagamshelwano
Olu hlobo loluvo lufuna ukudibana ngqo nomzimba kunye nento evamkileyo okanye ephakathi. Bangakwazi ukubeka iliso kwiqondo lobushushu lezinto eziqinileyo, ulwelo kunye neegesi kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu.
· Uluvo olungaqhagamshelwanga
Olu hlobo loluvo alufuni naluphi na unxibelelwano lomzimba kunye nento okanye i-medium efunyenweyo. Bajonga izinto eziqinileyo ezingabonisiyo kunye nolwelo, kodwa azinamsebenzi ngokuchasene neegesi ngenxa yokungafihli kwazo kwendalo. Ezi zivavanyi zilinganisa ubushushu zisebenzisa umthetho wePlack. Umthetho ujongana nobushushu obuphuma kumthombo wobushushu ukulinganisa ubushushu.
Imigaqo yokusebenza kunye nemizekelo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeabenzi bobushushu:
(i) I-Thermocouples - Ziquka iingcingo ezimbini (nganye ye-alloy ehlukeneyo ye-uniform okanye isinyithi) eyenza i-joint yokulinganisa ngokudibanisa kwelinye icala elivulekele into ephantsi kovavanyo. Esinye isiphelo socingo sixhunyiwe kwisixhobo sokulinganisa, apho i-reference junction yenziwe. Ekubeni iqondo lokushisa lama-nodes amabini ahlukeneyo, i-current flowing through the circuit kunye ne-millivolts ezibangelwayo zilinganiswa ukuchonga ubushushu be-node.
(ii) I-Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDS) - Ezi zixhasi ze-thermal eziveliswa ukutshintsha ukuchasana njengoko ubushushu buguquka, kwaye zibiza kakhulu kunanoma yiphina enye isixhobo sokubona ubushushu.
(iii)Izifudumezi- zilolunye uhlobo lokumelana apho utshintsho olukhulu ekuchaseni lunomlinganiselo okanye ngokungafaniyo notshintsho oluncinci kwiqondo lokushisa.
(2) Inzwa ye-infrared
Isixhobo sikhupha okanye sibhaqe imitha ye-infrared ukuva izigaba ezithile kokusingqongileyo. Ngokubanzi, imitha ye-thermal ikhutshwa zizo zonke izinto ezikwi-infrared spectrum, kwaye izinzwa ze-infrared zifumanisa le mitha engabonakaliyo kwiliso lomntu.
· Izinto eziluncedo
Kulula ukudibanisa, ekhoyo kwimarike.
· Izinto ezingeloncedo
Uphazanyiswe yingxolo ye-ambient, efana ne-radiation, ukukhanya kwe-ambient, njl.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani:
Ingcamango esisiseko kukusebenzisa i-infrared light-emitting diode ukuvelisa ukukhanya kwe-infrared kwizinto. Enye i-infrared diode yohlobo olufanayo iya kusetyenziswa ukufumanisa amaza abonakaliswe zizinto.
Xa i-receiver ye-infrared i-irradiated ngokukhanya kwe-infrared, kukho umahluko we-voltage kwi-wire. Ekubeni i-voltage eveliswayo incinci kwaye kunzima ukuyibona, i-amplifier yokusebenza (op amp) isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo i-voltages ephantsi.
(3) Inzwa ye-Ultraviolet
Ezi zinzwa zilinganisa ubunzulu okanye amandla okukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Le mitha ye-electromagnetic inobude obude kune-X-reyi, kodwa isemfutshane kunokukhanya okubonakalayo. Isixhobo esisebenzayo esibizwa ngokuba yi-polycrystalline diamond sisetyenziselwa ukuva i-ultraviolet ethembekileyo, enokubona ukuvezwa kokusingqongileyo kwimitha ye-ultraviolet.
Iikhrayitheriya zokukhetha izinzwa ze-UV
Uluhlu lweWavelength olunokubonwa sisivamvo se-UV (nanometer)
· Ubushushu bokusebenza
· Ukuchaneka
· Ubunzima
· Uluhlu lwamandla
Ingaba isebenza kanjani:
Abenzi boluvo be-Uv bafumana uhlobo olunye lomqondiso wamandla kwaye bagqithise uhlobo olwahlukileyo lomqondiso wamandla.
Ukuze ukhangele kwaye urekhode ezi zibonakaliso zemveliso, zijoliswe kwimitha yombane. Ukuvelisa iigraphics kunye neengxelo, umqondiso wemveliso uthunyelwa kwi-analog-to-digital converter (ADC) kwaye emva koko kwikhompyutheni nge-software.
Usetyenziso:
· Ukulinganisa indawo ye-UV etshisa ulusu
· Ikhemesti
· Iimoto
· Iirobhothi
· Unyango lokunyibilikisa kunye nenkqubo yokudaya yoshicilelo kunye neshishini lokudaya
Ishishini lemichiza yokuvelisa, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha imichiza
(4) Isivamvo sokuchukumisa
Isivamvo sokuchukumisa sisebenza njengesichasi esiguquguqukayo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokubamba. Umzobo wenzwa yokuchukumisa esebenza njenge-resistor variable.
Uluvo lokubamba luqulathe la malungu alandelayo:
· Izinto eziqhutywa ngokupheleleyo, ezifana nobhedu
• Izixhobo zokugquma isiphekepheke, ezifana nogwebu okanye iplastiki
· Inxalenye yemathiriyeli yokuqhuba
Umgaqo kunye nomsebenzi:
Ezinye izinto zokuqhuba zichasa ukuhamba kwangoku. Umgaqo-siseko oyintloko we-linear position sensors kukuba ubude bezinto apho umsinga kufuneka udlule khona, ngakumbi ukuhamba kwangoku kuguqulwa. Ngenxa yoko, ukuchasana kwezinto eziphathekayo kuyatshintsha ngokutshintsha indawo yayo yoqhagamshelwano kunye nesixhobo sokuqhuba ngokupheleleyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isoftware iqhagamshelwe kwinzwa yokuchukumisa. Kule meko, imemori ibonelelwa ngesoftware. Xa abenzi boluvo bacinyiwe, banokukhumbula "indawo yomfowunelwa wokugqibela." Nje ukuba inzwa isebenze, banokukhumbula "indawo yokuqala yokunxibelelana" kwaye baqonde onke amaxabiso ahambelana nayo. Esi senzo siyafana nokuhambisa imouse kwaye uyibeke kwelinye icala lephedi ye mouse ukuze uhambise isalathisi kwisiphelo esikude sekhusi.
Faka isicelo
Iinzwa zokuchukumisa zingabizi kwaye zizinzileyo, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi
Ishishini-ukhathalelo lwempilo, ukuthengisa, ukomelela kunye nokudlala
· Izixhobo zombane – i-oveni, iwasha/isomisi, umatshini wokuhlamba izitya, ifriji
Ezothutho – Ulawulo olulula phakathi kokwenziwa kwe-cockpit kunye nabavelisi bezithuthi
· Isivamvo senqanaba lolwelo
I-automation ye-Industrial automation - isikhundla kunye nenqanaba lokubona, ulawulo lokuthintela kwi-automation applications
Ii-elektroniki zabathengi - ukubonelela ngamanqanaba amatsha okuziva kunye nokulawula kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zabathengi
Abenzi boluvo abasondeleyo babona ubukho bezinto ezingenazo iindawo zoqhagamshelwano. Ngenxa yokuba akukho mdibaniselwano phakathi kwenzwa kunye nento elinganiswayo, kwaye ngenxa yokungabikho kwamacandelo omatshini, ezi zinzwa zinobomi obude benkonzo kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezivamvo zokusondele zizinzwa zokusondela, i-capacitive proximity sensors, i-ultrasonic proximity sensors, i-photoelectric sensors, i-Hall effect sensors njalo njalo.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani:
Isivamvo sokusondele sikhupha i-electromagnetic okanye intsimi ye-electrostatic okanye umqadi wemitha ye-electromagnetic radiation (efana ne-infrared) kwaye ilinde umqondiso wokubuya okanye utshintsho ebaleni, kwaye into eviwayo ibizwa ngokuba yithagethi yesivamvo sokusondele.
I-inductive proximity sensors - zine-oscillator njengegalelo elitshintsha ukuchasana kwelahleko ngokusondela kwindlela yokuqhuba. Ezi zinzwa ziithagethi zentsimbi ezikhethiweyo.
I-capacitive proximity sensors - ziguqula utshintsho kwi-electrostatic capacitance kumacala omabini e-electrode yokubona kunye ne-electrode ephantsi. Oku kwenzeka ngokusondela kwizinto ezikufutshane kunye notshintsho kwi-oscillation frequency. Ukubona iithagethi ezikufutshane, i-oscillation frequency iguqulelwa kwi-voltage ye-DC kwaye ithelekiswa nomda omiselweyo. Ezi zinzwa zikhetho lokuqala kwiithagethi zeplastiki.
Faka isicelo
· Isetyenziswe kubunjineli be-automation ukuchaza imeko yokusebenza yenkqubo yobunjineli bezixhobo, iinkqubo zokuvelisa kunye nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo
· Isetyenziswa efestileni ukuvula isilumkiso xa ifestile ivulwa
· Isetyenziselwa ukujonga ukungcangcazela koomatshini ukubala umahluko womgama phakathi kweshaft kunye nenkxaso yokuthwala
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-03-2023